Shoots below the grating point should be removed

The shoots on walnut seedlings that need to be removed are all unwanted vegetative growths emerging below the grafting point from the rootstock. These originate from the rootstock and do not possess the qualities of the grafted variety. If left uncontrolled, these shoots can cause various problems – affecting both growth and the future productivity and health of the tree. They take nutrients away from the grafted variety and can outgrow and suppress the desired variety.

The shoots can be vertical, horizontal, or even underground (if the seedling is planted deeper than normal). They often have different leaf shapes and growth rates – for example, faster growing, with larger or smaller leaves, darker or rougher bark color, etc.

All shoots from the root collar, base of the trunk, and below the graft union should be removed. Remove all leafy branches or buds that break through the bark of the trunk below the graft. Also, remove all shoots growing from the base of the rootstock, even if they appear healthy.

Best periods: 

·        Spring – when they start developing, removal is easy and causes minimal injury to the tree.

·        Summer, during any inspection – they can sprout quickly after pruning or during rainy periods.

·        Autumn, when cleaning the trunk, but mass pruning at the end of the season is not recommended.

 It is better to monitor regularly than to allow shoots to grow, as this will require more serious intervention later.

Most effective methods:

• Break by hand – for young green shoots. Break at the base, downward, with a clean snap.
• Cut with sharp scissors or knife – for larger, woody shoots. Cut as close to the bark as possible.
• Pull out from the soil if they emerge from the underground part of the rootstock – carefully to avoid root damage.

Important: Never leave “stubs” or half cuts, as this stimulates new growth from the same spot!

·        Rootstock shoots will start competing with the main seedling for water and nutrients.

·        They may grow stronger and dominate the grafted variety, especially if the graft is weak.

·        They are often more susceptible to diseases and pests, especially when dense around the base.

·        In the future, the tree may produce different or poor-quality fruit if rootstock growth dominates.

·        Plant seedlings so that the graft union is at least 5 cm above soil level – this reduces the chance of rootstock shoot development.

·        Keep the base of the seedling free from weeds, soil buildup, and mulch – this facilitates monitoring.

·        Fertilize regularly and moderately – weak or stressed trees are more likely to form unwanted shoots.

·        If shoots appear massively, check if the seedling is damaged above the graft, which can activate rootstock growth.

Regular removal of shoots below the graft on walnut seedlings is vital for the good development of the tree. Proper and timely removal is the best prevention. Regular care, monitoring, and good agricultural practices will ensure the walnut seedling develops into a healthy, productive, and long-lasting fruit tree.